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A global outbreak of new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 identified in 27 April 2009, and was referred as Swine Flu which infects and transmitted between human.
Influenza A virus strain area categorized according to two protein found on the surface of the virus: Hemagglutini ( H), and Neuraminidase ( N). The virus strain are assigned an H number and N number bsaed on which forms of these two proteins the strain contains. Due to rapid genetic mutation in the ciral genome, the structure of thses protein differs from strain to strain.
As recent cases were identified and reported in Malaysia, followed with the shut down of 2 schools, it is vital for all human beings to understand the risk of transmission and get prepared for emergency planning, which include personal protections and prevention, as the main route of transmission of the influenza A(H1N1) virus seems to be similiar to seasonal influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing and coughing. Thus, transmission from infected person to close contacts might be common.
* Close Contact: A person who cared for or lived with a person who is a confirmed, probable or suspected case of novel influenza A (H1N1), or having been in a setting where there was a high likelihood of contact with respiratory droplets and/ or bodily fluid of such a person.
** Examples of close contact: kissing, sharing eating or drinking utensils, physical examination...etc. However, close contact typically does not include activities such as walking by an infected person or sitting across from a symptomatic patient in a waiting room or office.
High Risk Groups include:
1) Children below age of 5. The rish for severe complications from seasonal influenza is highest among children below age of 2.
2) Pregnant women.
3) Residents of nursing homes and other chronic- care facilities.
4) People younger than 19 years of age who are receiving long- term aspirin therapy ( risk of Reye Syndrome)
5) Immunosuppression, including that caused by medications or by HIV.
6) Chronic pulmonary ( including asthma), cardiovascular ( except hypertension), renal, hepatic, hematologocal ( including sickle cell disease), neurologic, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorder ( including diabetes mellitus).
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
Fever, Headache, Cough, Sore Throat, Shortness of Breath, Body Aches, Chills, Fatigue, Diarrhea, Vomiting
WARNING SIGNS:
For Adults:-
> Difficulty breathing or Shortness of Breath
> Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
> Sudden dizziness
> Severe or persistant vomiting
> Flu- like symptoms improve but then return with worse cough and fever.
For Children:-
> Fast breathing or trouble breathing
> Bluish or gray skin colour
> Not drinking enough fluid
> Severe or persistant vomiting
> Not waking up or not interacting
> Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
> Flu- like symptoms improve but then return with worse cough and fever.
Infectious Period:
1) The duration of shedding with novel influenza A ( H1N1) virus is unknown. Therefore, until data are available, the estimated duration of viral shedding is based upon seasonal influenza virus infection.
2) Infected persons are assumed to be shedding virus from one day prior to illness onset until resolution of symptoms.
3) In general, persons with novel influenza A ( H1N1) virus infected should be considered potentially infectious from one day before to 7 days following illness onset.
What Can You Do To Protect Yourself??
Avoid close contact with people who show influenza- like symptoms ( trying to maintain a distance of about 1 metre if possible) and taking the following measures:
> Avoid touching your mouth and nose.
> Clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol- based hand rub on regular basis ( especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surface or potentially contaminated).
> Avoid close contact with poeple who might be ill.
> Reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible.
> Improve airflow in your living space by opening windows.
> Practice good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically active.
AND FOR ALL NON- MUSLIM...
It is safe to eat pork and pork products. Influenza A ( H1N1) has not been shown to be transmissible to people through eating properly handling and prepared pork ( pig meat) or other products derived from pigs. Moreover, the virus can be killed by cooking temperature of 160°F/ 70°C, and there is no confirmation of transmission between pigs and humans at this point of time.
Proper way to put on a face mask.
Photo taken from internet
Influenza A virus strain area categorized according to two protein found on the surface of the virus: Hemagglutini ( H), and Neuraminidase ( N). The virus strain are assigned an H number and N number bsaed on which forms of these two proteins the strain contains. Due to rapid genetic mutation in the ciral genome, the structure of thses protein differs from strain to strain.
As recent cases were identified and reported in Malaysia, followed with the shut down of 2 schools, it is vital for all human beings to understand the risk of transmission and get prepared for emergency planning, which include personal protections and prevention, as the main route of transmission of the influenza A(H1N1) virus seems to be similiar to seasonal influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing and coughing. Thus, transmission from infected person to close contacts might be common.
* Close Contact: A person who cared for or lived with a person who is a confirmed, probable or suspected case of novel influenza A (H1N1), or having been in a setting where there was a high likelihood of contact with respiratory droplets and/ or bodily fluid of such a person.
** Examples of close contact: kissing, sharing eating or drinking utensils, physical examination...etc. However, close contact typically does not include activities such as walking by an infected person or sitting across from a symptomatic patient in a waiting room or office.
High Risk Groups include:
1) Children below age of 5. The rish for severe complications from seasonal influenza is highest among children below age of 2.
2) Pregnant women.
3) Residents of nursing homes and other chronic- care facilities.
4) People younger than 19 years of age who are receiving long- term aspirin therapy ( risk of Reye Syndrome)
5) Immunosuppression, including that caused by medications or by HIV.
6) Chronic pulmonary ( including asthma), cardiovascular ( except hypertension), renal, hepatic, hematologocal ( including sickle cell disease), neurologic, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorder ( including diabetes mellitus).
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
Fever, Headache, Cough, Sore Throat, Shortness of Breath, Body Aches, Chills, Fatigue, Diarrhea, Vomiting
WARNING SIGNS:
For Adults:-
> Difficulty breathing or Shortness of Breath
> Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
> Sudden dizziness
> Severe or persistant vomiting
> Flu- like symptoms improve but then return with worse cough and fever.
For Children:-
> Fast breathing or trouble breathing
> Bluish or gray skin colour
> Not drinking enough fluid
> Severe or persistant vomiting
> Not waking up or not interacting
> Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
> Flu- like symptoms improve but then return with worse cough and fever.
Infectious Period:
1) The duration of shedding with novel influenza A ( H1N1) virus is unknown. Therefore, until data are available, the estimated duration of viral shedding is based upon seasonal influenza virus infection.
2) Infected persons are assumed to be shedding virus from one day prior to illness onset until resolution of symptoms.
3) In general, persons with novel influenza A ( H1N1) virus infected should be considered potentially infectious from one day before to 7 days following illness onset.
What Can You Do To Protect Yourself??
Avoid close contact with people who show influenza- like symptoms ( trying to maintain a distance of about 1 metre if possible) and taking the following measures:
> Avoid touching your mouth and nose.
> Clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol- based hand rub on regular basis ( especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surface or potentially contaminated).
> Avoid close contact with poeple who might be ill.
> Reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible.
> Improve airflow in your living space by opening windows.
> Practice good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically active.
AND FOR ALL NON- MUSLIM...
It is safe to eat pork and pork products. Influenza A ( H1N1) has not been shown to be transmissible to people through eating properly handling and prepared pork ( pig meat) or other products derived from pigs. Moreover, the virus can be killed by cooking temperature of 160°F/ 70°C, and there is no confirmation of transmission between pigs and humans at this point of time.
Proper way to put on a face mask.
Photo taken from internet
1) Wash your hands. Make sure to always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before you touch your surgical mask.
2) Follow the instructions on your particular brand of surgical mask. All brands specify not to use the mask if it has been previously worn or taken out of the packaging. You should wear a new mask each and every time.
3) Put on the surgical mask with clean hands. There should be a metal strip that will bend to fit around your nose—make sure this strip is covering your nose, not your mouth. If the strip is covering your mouth, the mask is upside down.
4) Tie the elastic strings to hold the mask to your face. Be sure the strings are snug but not too uncomfortable. Once you have tied the strings, the mask should be covering your mouth, your nose and your chin.
5) Once you have adjusted the mask to your liking, wash your hands. Do not touch the mask again until you need to remove it, but be sure to wash your hands before removing or touching the mask for any reason. Do not touch the outside of the mask; try to handle only the inside or the elastic strings. Wash your hands again after removing the mask.
Click here for proper way to wash your hands.
2) Follow the instructions on your particular brand of surgical mask. All brands specify not to use the mask if it has been previously worn or taken out of the packaging. You should wear a new mask each and every time.
3) Put on the surgical mask with clean hands. There should be a metal strip that will bend to fit around your nose—make sure this strip is covering your nose, not your mouth. If the strip is covering your mouth, the mask is upside down.
4) Tie the elastic strings to hold the mask to your face. Be sure the strings are snug but not too uncomfortable. Once you have tied the strings, the mask should be covering your mouth, your nose and your chin.
5) Once you have adjusted the mask to your liking, wash your hands. Do not touch the mask again until you need to remove it, but be sure to wash your hands before removing or touching the mask for any reason. Do not touch the outside of the mask; try to handle only the inside or the elastic strings. Wash your hands again after removing the mask.
Click here for proper way to wash your hands.
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